Ecogenomics and metabolic potential of the South Atlantic Ocean microbiome.

The unique combination of depth, salinity, and water masses make the South Atlantic Ocean an ecosystem of special relevance within the global ocean. Yet, the microbiome of this ecosystem has received less attention than other regions of the global Ocean. This has hampered our understanding of the diversity and metabolic potential of the microorganisms that dwell in this habitat. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed a collection of 31 metagenomes from the Atlantic Ocean that spanned the epipelagic, mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones (surface to 4000 m). Read-centric and gene-centric analysis revealed the unique taxonomic and functional composition of metagenomes from each depth zone, which was driven by differences in physical and chemical parameters. In parallel, a total of 40 metagenome-assembled genomes were obtained, which recovered one third of the total community. Phylogenomic reconstruction revealed that many of these genomes are derived from poorly characterized taxa of Bacteria and Archaea. Genomes derived from heterotrophic bacteria of the aphotic zone displayed a large apparatus of genes suited for the utilization of recalcitrant organic compounds such as cellulose, chitin and alkanes. In addition, we found genomic evidence suggesting that mixotrophic bacteria from the bathypelagic zone could perform carbon fixation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, fueled by sulfur oxidation. Finally, we found that the viral communities shifted throughout the water column regarding their targeted hosts and virus-to-microbe ratio, in response to shifts in the composition and functioning their microbial counterparts. Our findings shed light on the microbial and viral drivers of important biogeochemical processes that take place in the South Atlantic Ocean.

New viral biogeochemical roles revealed through metagenomic analysis of Lake Baikal.

BACKGROUND: Lake Baikal is the largest body of liquid freshwater on Earth. Previous studies have described the microbial composition of this habitat, but the viral communities from this ecosystem have not been characterized in detail. RESULTS: Here, we describe the viral diversity of this habitat across depth and seasonal gradients. We discovered 19,475 bona fide viral sequences, which are derived from viruses predicted to infect abundant and ecologically important taxa that reside in Lake Baikal, such as Nitrospirota, Methylophilaceae, and Crenarchaeota. Diversity analysis revealed significant changes in viral community composition between epipelagic and bathypelagic zones. Analysis of the gene content of individual viral populations allowed us to describe one of the first bacteriophages that infect Nitrospirota, and their extensive repertoire of auxiliary metabolic genes that might enhance carbon fixation through the reductive TCA cycle. We also described bacteriophages of methylotrophic bacteria with the potential to enhance methanol oxidation and the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle. CONCLUSIONS: These findings unraveled new ways by which viruses influence the carbon cycle in freshwater ecosystems, namely, by using auxiliary metabolic genes that act upon metabolisms of dark carbon fixation and methylotrophy. Therefore, our results shed light on the processes through which viruses can impact biogeochemical cycles of major ecological relevance. Video Abstract.

Riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y resultados clínicos en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple en la Rioja (España) / Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients in La Rioja (Spain)

No disponible

Guía RICA en la cistectomía / No disponible

Los pacientes quirúrgicos experimentan, cada vez más, importantes beneficios derivados de los avances en anestesia, en el control del dolor, en la cirugía mínimamente invasiva y en la asistencia perioperatoria. Por otra parte, aumenta el número de procedimientos, la edad de los pacientes y consecuentemente el riesgo de padecer complicaciones. Los programas de rehabilitación multimodal (PRM) surgen en los años 90 como un nuevo concepto del cuidado pre y posoperatorio, cuyo objetivo principal es disminuir la estancia hospitalaria mediante la reducción de complicaciones posoperatorias y del estrés quirúrgico. Presentamos el documento que alberga todo el proceso de rehabilitación y recuperación (RICA) para pacientes cistectomizados en nuestro hospital

Surgical patients experience significant benefits provided by advances in anaesthesia, pain control, minimally invasive surgery, and preoperative assessment. Furthermore, its importance is enhanced if we consider, patient’s age and consequently the risk of developing consequences. The aim of multimodal rehabilitation programs (MMRP) is to decrease the impact of the length of hospital stay by reducing postoperative complications and stress response to surgery. The present study attempts to show the rehabilitation process and recovery for cystectomized patients in our hospital

Análisis de Conducta en Medicina Evaluadora: una propuesta interdisciplinary / Behavioral analysis in disability assessment medicine: an interdisciplinary proposal

Se propone un nuevo marco teórico, el Análisis de Conducta en Medicina, para abordar los desafíos que la evaluación de la incapacidad y la medicina pericial afrontan en su práctica clínica diaria. Mediante un enfoque con base científica interdisciplinar y flexible pero sistemático en su aplicación, el Sistema de Análisis de Validez en la Evaluación (SAVE) está diseñado para incorporar una amplia gama de métodos, técnicas y habilidades útiles, tomadas de diferentes fuentes (psicología forense, criminología, derecho sanitario, detección del engaño y el fraude, etc.). Se estructura en tres fases sucesivas, Verosimilitud (V1), que corresponde al análisis del contenido verbal de la declaración; Veracidad (V2) como congruencia entre lo verbal y lo no verbal, y Verificación (V3), el proceso de comprobación de la información previamente obtenida. Estos conocimientos y habilidades se pueden aprender y entrenar, todos ellos han sido probados científicamente y cuentan con un amplio número de referencias publicadas para profundizar en cada tema. Además, este proceso permite una fácil adaptación a cada caso y contexto, evitando molestar a los informados genuinamente impedidos al pasar desapercibido excepto cuando la probabilidad de fraude es elevada. Por lo tanto, creemos que cualquier profesional de la salud y especialmente los peritos médicos, sean funcionarios o independientes, se beneficiarán de este modo de realizar la consulta médica, mejorando la relación médico-paciente y la necesaria gestión del engaño cuando sea preciso (AU)

A new theoretical framework, the Behavioral Analysis in Medicine is proposed to address the challenges that disability assessment and clinical forensic medicine face in everyday practice. Through an interdisciplinary approach, scientifically based and flexible yet systematically applied, the System of Validity Analysis in Assessment (referred to by its Spanish acronym SAVE) is designed to incorporate a wide array of useful methods, techniques and skills from different sources (forensic psychology, criminology, health law science, deception and fraud detection, etc.). It is structured in three successive phases, Verisimilitude (V1), as verbal content analysis of the statement; Veracity (V2) as congruence between verbal and non-verbal communication, and Verification (V3), the checking process of previously obtained information. These knowledge and abilities are affordable to learn and train. All of them have been scientifically tested and have an extensive number of published references to delve deeper in each subject. Additionally, this process allows an easy adaptation to each case and context, avoiding disturbing those genuinely disabled examinees by going unnoticed unless there is a high probability of fraud. Hence, we believe that every health practitioner, especially the medical examiners, public servants or independent ones will benefit from this way to accomplish every medical consultation, improving the patient-physician relationship and the necessary fraud management whenever necessary (AU)

Comparación de ortesis para el tratamiento de la artrosis de la base del pulgar / Compare splint for patients with thumb osteoarthritis (OA)

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento de la osteoartritis (OA) tiene como primer objetivo reducir el dolor y mejorar la función de la articulación afectada. La primera indicación para el tratamiento conservador de la rizartrosis es la inmovilización. La intención de inmovilizar es proveer soporte a la articulación carpometacarpiana (CMC) del pulgar mientras se permiten movimientos funcionales de la mano. Hay una variedad de ortesis para el pulgar disponibles, tanto prefabricadas como hechas a medida, y en diferentes tipos de material. Lamentablemente no hay lineamientos específicos del tipo de ortesis adecuada para la OA de la articulación CMC. El abordaje del Terapista Ocupacional incluye la consideración de la utilización de ortesis. Además el Terapista Ocupacional confecciona ortesis termoconformadas hechas a medida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad de las ortesis termoconformadas inmovilizadoras de las articulaciones CMC y Metacarpofalangica (MCF) del pulgar vs. las ortesis termoconformadas inmovilizadoras de la articulación CMC. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Ensayo clínico no farmacológico de tecnología médica de riesgo no significativo, usando un diseño cruzado de nueve semanas de duración con dos períodos de tratamiento de cuatro semanas cada uno y una semana intermedia de washout (sin ortesis). En el primer período de tratamiento al paciente se le asignó aleatoriamente una ortesis corta o la larga que utilizó durante cuatro semanas y luego de una semana de washout cambió a la otra durante otras cuatro semanas. El estudio se realizó con pacientes derivados consecutivamente asignados al azar a fin de un tratamiento diferente. El dolor se evaluó con la Escala Visual Analógica. (EVA). La capacidad funcional manual se evaluó con la Sub Escala Funcional del Australian Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index versión (AUSCAN; Queensland, Australia), validada al español. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes, 13 (72%) eran de sexo femenino y tenían una mediana (p25-75) edad de 59.00 (55.00-66.50) años. En cuanto al estadio radiológico 1 (5.6%) paciente tenía estadío radiológico Eaton I, 10 (55.6 %) Eaton II, y 7 (38.9%) Eaton III. Siete pacientes (38.9%) comenzaron la intervención con la ortesis corta y 11 (61.1%) con la ortesis larga. El dolor disminuyó significativamente en el primer período: al día 0 la mediana de dolor fue 7.5 (5.00-9.00), en comparación con el día 28 donde la mediana fue de 3.00 (2-6.25) (p=000.1). La función mejoró significativamente en el primer período; la mediana de función manual al día 0 fue 0.54 (00.47-00.68), en comparación con el día 28 que fue de 0.76 (0.51-0.86) (p=0.028). No se observaron cambios significativos en dolor y función en el segundo período. No hubo diferencia en el tipo de ortesis asignada de acuerdo a mano dominante, mano tratada, uso de analgésicos y estadio de Eaton, pero hubo una mayor tendencia de utilizar la ortesis corta en ocupaciones de carga media, de 12.00 pacientes (66%), 7.00 (58,3%) ortesis cortas, versus 5.00 (41,7%) ortesis larga (p=0.017). Para pacientes con ocupaciones de carga liviana de 6.00 pacientes (33,3%), 6.00 (100%) tuvieron una tendencia de utilizar ortesis largas (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONES: Independiente del modelo de ortesis que se utilice, en este estudio se observó una mejoría clínica de los pacientes tanto en intensidad de dolor como en la función al primer mes de tratamiento. Estos hallazgos indicarían que este tipo de intervención terapéutica es positiva en rizartrosis. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has as its primary objective to reduce pain and improve function of the affected joint. The first indication for conservative treatment is immobilization. The intention is to provide support to immobilize the carpometacarpal (CMC) of the thumb while functional hand movements are allowed. There are a variety of thumb splints available, both prefabricated and custommade, and different types of material. Unfortunately there are no specific guidelines on the type of correct splint for OA of the CMC joint. The Occupational Therapist approach includes consideration of the use of orthotics. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the effect of two different splints: thermoformed orthotics immobilizing the CMC and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the thumb vs. the thermoformed orthotics immobilizing the CMC joint, on hand function and pain in individuals with CMC OA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Non-pharmacological medical technology clinical trial no significant risk, using a two period crossover design, the two four-week treatment periods were separated by oneweek washout period (without splint). A table of random symbols was used to determine treatment order assignments. Pain was evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); and hand functional by the Functional Sub Scale of Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index Australian version (AUSCAN, Queensland, Australia), validated in Spanish. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included, 13 (72%) were female and they were middle-aged (p 25-75) of 59.00 (55.00-66.50) years. As for the radiological stage 1 (5.6%) patient had Radiological stage Eaton I, 10 (55.6 %) Eaton II, y 7 (38.9%) Eaton III. Seven patients (38.9%) started the intervention with the short orthosis and 11 (61.1%) with the long orthosis. The pain decreased significantly in the first period: at day 0 the median pain was 7.5 (5.00-9.00), compared to day 28 where the median was 3.00 (2- 6.25) (p = 000.1). The function improved significantly in the first period; the median manual function at day 0 was 0.54 (00.47- 00.68), compared to day 28 which was 0.76 (0.51-0.86) (p = 0.028). There were no significant changes in pain and function in the second period. There was no difference in the type of splint assigned according to dominant hand, hand treated, analgesic use and Eaton stage, but there was a greater tendency to use short orthotics in medium load occupations of 12.00 patients (66%), 7.00 (58.3%) short orthoses, versus 5.00 (41.7%) long orthoses (p = 0.017). For patients with light load occupations of 6.00 patients (33.3%), 6.00 (100%) had a tendency to use long orthoses (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the orthotic model used, in this study clinical improvement was observed in both pain intensity and function at the first month of treatment. These findings would indicate that this type of therapeutic intervention is positive in thumb osteoarthritis. (AU)

Factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la infección del sitio quirúrgico / Risk factors associated with surgical site infection

OBJETIVO: conocer y evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) en adultos con cirugía programada. MÉTODO: revisión narrativa realizada mediante una búsqueda de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Cuiden, Cochrane Plus, plataforma Elsevier y Encuentr@. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de Guías de Práctica Clínica. Los artículos seleccionados abarcan el periodo comprendido entre 2005 hasta la actualidad, incluyendo estudios en lengua inglesa y española que evalúen la influencia de los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección del sitio quirúrgico en adultos. RESULTADOS: del análisis de los resultados encontrados en la literatura consultada se describen los factores de riesgo que contribuyen en mayor o menor medida a la infección del sitio quirúrgico, según sean de carácter endógeno (atribuidos al paciente) o exógeno (inherentes al paciente y atribuidos al personal o al sistema sanitario). CONCLUSIONES: la evidencia científica analizada en este estudio muestra que existe una multitud de factores que pueden originar estas infecciones y se recoge una serie de recomendaciones cuyo cumplimiento ayuda a disminuirlas. Evitar todos los riesgos no es posible, pero el conocimiento de los factores de riesgo y la adherencia a las medidas de prevención que gocen de buena evidencia científica ayudan a disminuir la tasa de infección. Se precisan más estudios que demuestren mayor evidencia científica sobre la influencia de algunos de los factores de riesgo en la ISQ

OBJECTIVE: to understand and assess through scientific evidence those risk factors associated with Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in adult patients with scheduled surgery. METHOD: a narrative review of literature through search in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Cuiden, Cochrane Plus, the Elsevier platform and the Encuentr@ database. At the same time, a review for searching Clinical Practice Guidelines was also conducted. The articles selected cover the period between 2005 and the present day, including studies in English and Spanish that assess the influence of risk factors associated with Surgical Site Infection in adult patients. RESULTS: from the analysis of the results found in the literature consulted, there is a description of the risk factors that will participate to a higher or lower extent in the infection of the surgical site, either of endogenous nature (attributed to the patient) or exogenous (inherent to patients and attributed to the staff or the health system). CONCLUSIONS: the scientific evidence analyzed in this study shows that there are multiple factors that can originate these infections; a series of recommendations have been collected, which can help to their reduction if followed. It is not possible to avoid all risks, but the knowledge of risk factors and adherence to preventive measures supported by good scientific evidence will help to reduce the infection rate. More studies are required, in order to provide scientific evidence on the influence on SSIs of some of the risk factors

[Methodology for Identification of Inverse Drug Distribution, Spain]. / Resultados de una metodología para la identificación de distribución inversa de medicamentos en oficinas de farmacia.

OBJECTIVE: The phenomenon of reverse drug trafficking in the legal supply chain is an unlawful practice to serious risks to public health. The aims was to identify proactively pharmacies that carry out these illegal activities. METHODS: An analysis was performed through the crossing billing data to SAS of 52 million packs of medicines for the 496 pharmacies in the province over a period of 29 months with the drug packaging data supplied by the distribution entities of the province with the implementation of specific indicator defined called 'percentage overbought' allows us to detect those pharmacies at high risk of being involved in this illicit trade. RESULTS: It was tested in two pharmacies one rural and other urban a detour of 5.130 medicine containers and an illicit profit obtained from € 9,591.78 for the first and 9.982 packaging and € 26,885.11 for the second; they had gone unnoticed in previous inspections. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology implemented to define a profile of infringing pharmacies high risk in these illicit practices, identify new ones that had not been sanctioned, weigh the drugs for illegal trade and to identify new drugs subject to diversion; also added as a challenge, it helps to adjust accurately and effectively calculate the illicit profit obtained.

OBJETIVO: El fenómeno del tráfico inverso en la cadena legal de suministro de medicamentos es una práctica ilícita con graves riesgos para la Salud Pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar de forma proactiva las oficinas de farmacia que realizan estas conductas ilegales. METODOS: Se cruzaron los datos de facturación al SAS de 52 millones de envases de medicamentos con los de las 496 farmacias de la provincia en un periodo de 29 meses (abril de 2012 a agosto de 2014). Junto con la aplicación del indicador específico definido denominado "porcentaje de sobrecompra", permitió identificar los establecimientos farmacéuticos con alto riesgo de estar implicados en el comercio ilícito. RESULTADOS: Se comprobó que hubo desvío en dos oficinas de farmacia, una rural (de 5.130 envases de medicamentos y beneficio ilícito obtenido de 9.591,78 €) y otra urbana (9.982 envases y 26.885,11 €), los cuales habían pasado desapercibidos en anteriores actuaciones inspectoras. CONCLUSIONES: La metodología implantada permite definir un perfil de oficina de farmacia infractora de alto riesgo en estas prácticas ilícitas, identificarlas, ponderar los fármacos destinados a este comercio ilegal y determinar nuevos medicamentos objeto de desvío. Ayuda a ajustar de forma precisa el cálculo del beneficio ilícito obtenido.

Ictus isquémicos múltiples y cuerpo extraño en aurícula izquierda / Ischemic strokes and foreign body in left atrium

No disponible

Valoración del paciente cistectomizado tras el alta hospitalaria en relación a la incontinencia y la urostomía / No disponible

Las secuelas en una cistectomía radical suponen un reto en personas que la sufren para incorporarse a su vida normal. Es competencia enfermera evaluar estas circunstancias. El objetivo es conocer problemas y necesidades del paciente cistectomizado en el ámbito domiciliario. Se realiza una encuesta relacionada con el manejo de la incontinencia urinaria y de los dispositivos de urostomía en el domicilio tras el alta hospitalaria en pacientes con cistectomía radical y derivación urinaria diferente (neovejiga ileal ortotópica, tipo Bricker, tipo Mainz II). En los casos de neovejiga, la incontinencia urinaria ralentiza su reinserción sociofamiliar y demandan información sobre recuperación de la continencia diurna y en manejo de colectores. Los urostomizados demandan instrucción e información en el manejo de los dispositivos. Como conclusión, consideramos la necesidad de elaborar una guía de recomendaciones al alta

The aftermath in a radical cystectomy is a challenge for people affected to go on with his normal life. It is a nursing competence to evaluate those circumstances. The objective is to know problems and needs of the patient with cystectomy at home. A survey related to the management of urinary incontinence and urostomy devices at home after hospital discharge in patients with radical cystectomy and different urinary diversion (orthotopic ileal neobladder, Bricker, Mainz II type) is conducted. In the case of neobladder, urinary incontinence delays social and family reintegration. Additionally those patients demand information regarding recovery daytime continence management and collectors. Patients with an urostomy demands training and information about devices management. In conclusion, we consider it is need to design a guide of recommendations at home

Resultados de una metodología para la identificación de distribución inversa de medicamentos en oficinas de farmacia / Methodology for identification of inverse drug distribution, Spain

FUNDAMENTOS: El fenómeno del tráfico inverso en la cadena legal de suministro de medicamentos es una práctica ilícita con graves riesgos para la Salud Pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar de forma proactiva, oficinas de farmacia que realizan estas conductas ilegales. MÉTODOS: Se cruzaron los datos de facturación al SAS de 52 millones de envases de medicamentos con los de las 496 farmacias de la provincia en un periodo de 29 meses (abril de 2012 a agosto de 2014). Junto con la aplicación del indicador específico definido denominado "porcentaje de sobrecompra", permitió identificar los establecimientos farmacéuticos con alto riesgo de estar implicados en el comercio ilícito. RESULTADOS: Se comprobó que hubo desvío en dos oficinas de farmacia, una rural (de 5.130 envases de medicamentos y beneficio ilícito obtenido de 9.591,78 €) y otra urbana (9.982 envases y 26.885,11 €), los cuales habían pasado desapercibidos en anteriores actuaciones inspectoras. CONCLUSIONES: La metodología implantada permite definir un perfil de oficina de farmacia infractora de alto riesgo en estas prácticas ilícitas, identificarlas, ponderar los fármacos destinados a este comercio ilegal y determinar nuevos medicamentos objeto de desvío. Ayuda a ajustar de forma precisa el cálculo del beneficio ilícito obtenido

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of reverse drug trafficking in the legal supply chain is an unlawful practice to serious risks to public health. The aims was to identify proactively pharmacies that carry out these illegal activities. METHODS: An analysis was performed through the crossing billing data to SAS of 52 million packs of medicines for the 496 pharmacies in the province over a period of 29 months with the drug packaging data supplied by the distribution entities of the provincewith the implementation of specific indicator defined called 'percentage overbought' allows us to detect those pharmacies at high risk of being involved in this illicit trade. RESULTS: It was tested in two pharmacies one rural and other urban a detour of 5.130 medicine containers and an illicit profit obtained from € 9,591.78 for the first and 9.982 packaging and € 26,885.11 for the second; they had gone unnoticed in previous inspections. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology implemented to define a profile of infringing pharmacies high risk in these illicit practices, identify new ones that had not been sanctioned, weigh the drugs for illegal trade and to identify new drugs subject to diversion; also added as a challenge, it helps to adjust accurately and effectively calculate the illicit profit obtained

Production of conidia of Beauveria bassiana in solid-state culture: current status and future perspectives.

Beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus widely commercialized in the world. Recent progress and achievements on conidia production have focused on a yield goal of 10(9) to 10(10) conidia per gram of dry substrate. Due to cost-competitive perspectives, these yields should be associated with better production rates or productivities. This study presents a review of relevant studies of B. bassiana conidia production on solid-state cultures and the parameters that should be taken into account to maintain constant quality in the product to be commercialized. Conditions for maximizing production and infectivity of B. bassiana conidia are also analysed.

Drug-eluting stents for off-label indications in real clinical world: evidence based or 'intuition' based clinical practice?

BACKGROUND: The use of drug-eluting stents (DES) is an example of the disparity between recommendations given by regulatory agencies and the real clinical world. Such disparity might lead cardiologists to adopt different routines in the use of DES. We aimed to assess variability of off-label DES use between hospitals and to what extent it can be explained by differences in patient or hospital characteristics. METHODS: Characteristics of consecutive patients receiving DES in 29 hospitals were recorded. Individual and hospital determinants of receiving DES for off-label indications were assessed by multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS: 1903 patients were recruited and 1188 (62.4%) received DES for off-label indications. Individual variables associated with off-label use were age (OR 1.01 (1-1.02)), previous percutaneous (OR 2.24 (1.68-2.97)) or surgical (2.41 (1.52-3.84)) revascularization, repeated procedure at the same admission (OR 4.66 (2.7-8.05)), receiving two (OR 4.17 (3.24-5.37)) or three or more DES (OR 14.12 (9.08-21.96)) vs one. Adjusting for individual variables, the Odds of receiving DES for off-label indication was higher in public funding hospitals with surgery availability vs private hospitals: 1.49 (0.86-2.6), and in public hospitals without surgery vs public with surgery availability: OR 1.76 (1.02-3.03). Interhospital variability reminded significant after adjustment for individual and contextual variables. CONCLUSION: Off-label DES use is highly variable between centers. Although this variability is partially determined by hospital type of funding and cardiac surgery availability, the substantial interhospital variability after multilevel adjustment suggests heterogeneity in the process of care.

Arrival of radionuclides released by the Fukushima accident to Tenerife (Canary Islands).

Two weeks after the accident at the Fukushima-Daichi nuclear power plant, 131I, 137Cs and 134Cs activities were measured in two different stations located in Tenerife (Canary Islands), situated at 300 (FIMERALL) and 2400 (IZAÑA) m.a.s.l, respectively. Peak measured activity concentrations were: 1.851 mBq/m3 (131I); 0.408 mBq/m3 (137Cs) and 0.382 mBq/m3 (134Cs). The activities measured at the FIMERALL station were always higher than at IZAÑA station, suggesting that the radioactive plume arrived to the island associated with low altitude air masses. Simulations of potential dispersion of the radioactive cloud (137Cs) after the nuclear accident in reactor Fukushima I show that radioactive pollution reached remote regions such as the Canary Islands in the Eastern subtropical North Atlantic. The corresponding effective dose to the local population was 1.17 nSv, a value less than one millionth of the annual limit for the general public. Therefore, there was no risk to public health.

Use of GFP-tagged strains of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum to study host-pathogen interactions in oranges and apples.

Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum are responsible for green and blue molds in citrus and pome fruits, respectively, which result in major monetary losses worldwide. In order to study their infection process in fruits, we successfully introduced a green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding gene into wild type P. digitatum and P. expansum isolates, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), with hygromycin B resistance as the selectable marker. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the transformation of these two important postharvest pathogens with GFP and the use of transformed strains to study compatible and non-host pathogen interactions. Transformation did not affect the pathogenicity or the ecophysiology of either species compared to their respective wild type strains. The GFP-tagged strains were used for in situ analysis of compatible and non-host pathogen interactions on oranges and apples. Knowledge of the infection process of apples and oranges by these pathogens will facilitate the design of novel strategies to control these postharvest diseases and the use of the GFP-tagged strains will help to determine the response of P. digitatum and P. expansum on/in plant surface and tissues to different postharvest treatments.

Leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible e hipercalcemia / Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy and hypercalcemia

No disponible